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A superintelligence is any intellect that is vastly outperforms the best human brains in practically every field, including scientific creativity, general wisdom, and social skills. This definition leaves open how the superintelligence is – it could be in a digital computer, an ensemble of networked computers, cultured cortical tissue, or something else.
On this definition, Deep Blue is not a superintelligence, since it is only smart within one narrow domain (chess), and even there it is not vastly superior the best humans. Entities such as corporations or the scientific community are not superintelligences either. Although they can perform a number of intellectual feats which no individual human is capable, they are not integrated to count as “intellects”, and there are many fields in which they perform much worse than single humans. For example, you cannot have a real-time conversation with “the scientific community”.