Reading and writing fill in the blanks
Traditionally, mass-communications research has conceptualized the process of communication in terms of a circulation circuit or loop. This has been criticized for its linearity – sender/ message /receiver – for its concentration on the level of message exchange and for the absence of a structured conception of the different moments as a complex structure of relations. But it is also and useful to think of this process in terms of a structure produced and sustained through the articulation of linked distinctive moments – production, circulation, distribution/consumption, reproduction. This would be to think of the as a “complex structure in dominance’, sustained through the articulation of connected practices, each of which, however, retains its distinctiveness and has its own modality, its own forms and conditions of existence.