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One cause of unemployment may be downswings in the trade cycle, i.e. periods of recession. Another explanation of wide-scale unemployment refers to structural employment. Structural unemployment arises from longer-term changes in the economy, affecting specific industries, regions and occupations. Structural unemployment often explains regional unemployment. Some regions of the UK such as Central Scotland, and the North-West have higher rates of unemployment because the traditional heavy industries which located there have gone into decline as they are replaced by cheaper imports from abroad. The new high-tech industries based on new technologies tend to be based in the South-East and along particular growth corridors.